![]() When conditions are ideal the bacteria quickly multiply. The spikelet that has been infected has a straw-coloring and there is also discoloration of the grain as well as rotting and panicle blanking. Symptoms can be seen on plantlets, on the sheath of the flag leaves, and on panicles. The level of harm caused by the disease (severity) is determined by a complex interrelationship between climate, variety, crop management and inoculum quantity, making it possible for there to be a high rate of the disease without being directly related to low production. Have climate changes influenced the disease’s impact?Ĭlimate changes have been responsible for the increase in the frequency with which this disease has emerged, areas with high temperatures and high levels of humidity benefit the pathogen’s proliferation, meaning cloudy days and frequent precipitation enable its growth. These diagnostic tests were performed during two of the crop’s phenological stages (plantlets and panicle) and the symptoms reported during controlled greenhouse inoculation were similar to those described in textbooks.Īt this time, the Panama Agricultural and Livestock Research Institute (IDIAP, its acronym in Spanish), the Semillas del Nuevo Milenio organization (Seeds for the New Millennium) (SENUMISA, its acronym in Spanish), the National Rice Corporation of Costa Rica (CONARROZ), the National Agricultural and Livestock Technology Institute from Nicaragua (INTA) and the National Federation of Rice Growers (FEDEARROZ) began to work in conjunction). Fernando Correa confirmed the presence of Burkholderia glumae. Diagnostic tests performed at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT, its acronym in Spanish) headed by Dr. The bacteria were reported to be present once again in 2006 in the Municipality of Montería, capital of the Department of Cordoba, Colombia, with losses of over 40% within the fields that were most affected. Groth from the University of Louisiana (2010) reported that the Burkholderia glumae bacteria were present in rice samples showing panicle blanking. Diagnostic work carried out by Doctor Milton Rush and Doctor Donald E. In 2005 a yield reduction of over 40% was reported in rice crops in Panama, this loss had been associated with the presence of the Steneotarsonemus spinki mite and was treated by trying to decrease its population. What is the history of this disease? What are the losses?īacterial blight was first reported in the Kyushu district of Japan in 1956, it was seen in Colombia in 1989, in Panama it was reported in 2007 and in Venezuela it emerged in 2011. The damage occurs when the plant’s vascular bundles are obstructed by the production of toxoflavin, a toxin that the bacterium synthesizes at temperatures between 30 and 37✬. The organism quickly multiplies within the panicle and infects the spikelets once they sprout. The critical point is during the emergence and flowering stages. It can live in the roots of the rice plant without showing any symptoms and during the booting stage it grows on its stems and leaves. This disease is transmitted through the seeds, flowers, leaves and residue of crops. Lesions caused by different insects and other conditions that put strain on the plant enable the organism to penetrate more easily it may also invade the plant through the hydathodes which are the stomas located on the underside and the edges of the leaves. This is a disease that causes rice grain and plantlet rotting caused by the Burkholseria glumae that inhabits the soil and which can live in tomato, pepper, eggplant, Chinese basil and sesame crops as well as other weeds associated with rice fields. Product Development Manager, Sumitomo Chemical Latin America National Autonomous Agricultural Research Institute (INIAP) - Ecuador During 2005 rice crops in Panama reported a 40% loss caused by this disease. ![]() Actualmente es limitante económicamente en Colombia, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Costa Rica, Panamá y República Dominicana. ![]()
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